The role of oncoplastic breast conserving treatment for locally advanced breast tumors. A matching case-control study

BACKGROUND Breast conserving surgery (BCS) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NC) in patients with locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) is an infrequent procedure. In these patients the association with BCS and oncoplastic surgery (OS) is reported as a possible procedure in case-series, but there are limited case-control studies. METHODS A matched case-control study evaluated LABC submitted to NC and BCS. We evaluated 78 patients submitted to doxorubicin-cyclophosphamide regimen followed by paclitaxel regimen. The match case-control proportion was 2:1 and the patients were selected by tumor size, clinical T stage and year of diagnosis. RESULTS 52 underwent classic BCS and 26 OS. The average size tumor was 5.25 cm and 88.5% of the tumors were larger than 3 cm. The clinical and pathological group characteristics were similar, except the weight of surgical specimens (p = 0.004), and surgical margins (p = 0.06), which were higher in OS group. The rate of complete pathologic response was 26.9%. 97.4% received postoperative radiotherapy. At 67.1 months of follow up, 10.2% had local recurrence (LR) and 12.8% locoregional recurrence (LRR) and 19.2% died because disease progression. The overall survival at 60 months was 81.7%. After surgery the disease free-survival at 60 months was 76.5%. The was no difference between groups related to pathologic response (p = 0.42), LR (p = 0.71), LRR (p = 1.00), overall survival (p = 0.99) and disease specific survival (p = 0.87). CONCLUSION This study corroborates the fact that OS is a safety procedure for LABC, offering the similar oncologic results observed in patients submitted to classic BCS.